Criticisms

also, not reality. In this sense, Kant considers the To be contention as an activity in verbal investigation, the methods where anybody can anaylse the importance of a word or idea, and draw an intelligent clarification from it. In this manner, Anselms’ word... Reactions Free Essays on The Existence Of God - Approaches/Criticisms The presence of God - Approaches/Criticisms There are three significant contentions that endeavor to clarify the presence of God. Right off the bat, it is critical to build up a meaning of God. As indicated by rationalists God is a boundlessly flawless being that maintains a heavenly solidarity of extreme goodness and of extreme force. God is alluded to as Omniscient, Omnipotent and Eternal. God has boundless information and knowledge, so essentially God is a definitive model of hairsplitting. Despite the fact that all Philosophers concur with this meaning of God, it doesn't state whether this perfect idea of God exists. The Ontological, Cosmological and Teleological have been created all through an ideal opportunity to endeavor to demonstrate God presence. There have likewise been numerous reactions into these contentions, which endeavor to negate every contention. The Ontological contention was created by Anselm; a theist who contended for the presence of God. In his contention he alludes to God as an ideal being, along these lines ‘that than which nothing more noteworthy can be conceived’. He started his contention by saying that even a ‘fool’ (agnostic) can get a handle on or comprehend the idea of a being than of ‘which nothing more noteworthy can be conceived’ as they as of now have a comprehension or thought of what it implies in their psyche. Despite the fact that this thought exists in their psyche, it doesn't mean God doesn’t exist truly. Anselm alludes to God as an ideal being, and in light of the fact that he is so impeccable he should have limitless compulsiveness, consequently Anselm is contending that if God needed presence he would not be great, as he is flawless he should exist. There are numerous reactions to why Anselm’s Ontological contention falls flat. Kant saw Anselm’s contention as just a word game, playing on words and not reality. In this sense, Kant considers the To be contention as an activity in verbal examination, the methods where anybody can anaylse the significance of a word or idea, and draw an intelligent clarification from it. Consequently, Anselms’ word...

Using the Spanish Verb Llegar

Utilizing the Spanish Verb Llegar In spite of the fact that llegar normally is made an interpretation of as to show up, it has a more extensive scope of employments than does the English word and is regularly utilized metaphorically. To come is additionally a typical interpretation. Remember Llegar for the most part conveys showing up at a goal, either truly or figuratively.Llegar a followed by ser or another infinitive conveys the possibility of landing in an objective or circumstance out of the blue or after significant effort.In terms of articulation, llegar is conjugated routinely, albeit now and then its spelling changes to oblige the consummation. Utilizing Llegar for Arriving In its most regular use, llegar alludes to landing in a spot. The goal is much of the time went before by the relational word an, and de can be utilized to demonstrate the starting point: Por blade llegamos a Madrid. (We at last showed up at Madrid.)Cuando llego a casa hago mis tareas. (At the point when I return home Ill do my homework.)Llegaron a Mã ©xico los cuerpos de estudiantes muertos en Ecuador. (The assemblages of the understudies slaughtered in Ecuador showed up in Mexico.)Llegaron de diferentes partes de Espaã ±a. (They originated from various pieces of Spain.)Hay miles de refugiados que llegan de frica. (There are a large number of displaced people who are showing up from Africa.) As can the English word show up, llegar can likewise allude to the happening to a period: Llegã ³ la hora de la verdad. (The decision time is here. Truly, the hour of truth came.)Ya llega la primavera. (Spring is as of now here. Actually, spring previously showed up.) Utilizing Llegar for Reaching a Goal Llegar can regularly allude to the coming to of an objective, physical or something else: Los tres mexicanos llegaron a la cima del Everest. (The three Mexicans arrived at the highest point of Everest.)El museo llegã ³ a las 100.000 visitas en menos de un aã ±o. (The exhibition hall arrived at 100,000 visits in under a year.)Microsoft y Marvel llegaron an un acuerdo para distribuir los videojuegos. (Microsoft and Marvel agreed for appropriating video games.)No puedo llegar a blade de mes. (I cannot make it as far as possible of the month.) The expression llegar a ser commonly recommends a long or troublesome time of progress to become something: Nunca lleguã © a ser specialist. (I never turned into a doctor.)Diez de estas tribus llegaron a ser la Europa moderna. (Ten of these clans became current Europe.) ¿Cà ³mo fue que los computadores llegaron a ser parte de nuestra sociedad? (How could it be that PCs came to be a piece of our general public?) Llegar With Infinitives When llegar an is trailed by an infinitive, it is frequently what could be compared to the English to come to. It frequently conveys the meaning that the action is extraordinary, surprising, or unforeseen. Note how an assortment of interpretations can be utilized: Algunos seguidores del candidato llegaron a llorar mientras escuchaban a su lã ­der. (A portion of the applicants supporters even cried while tuning in to their leader.)Los Leones nunca llegaron a ganar un campeonato. (The Lions never came to win a championship.)Llegà ³ a decirme que mi pequeã ±a time mocosa. (He ventured to such an extreme as to disclose to me that my little one was a brat.)Lleguà © a comprender lo que querã ­a decir. (I even came to comprehend what he needed to state.) Figures of speech Using Llegar Llegar is utilized in an assortment of figures of speech and set expressions. Here are a few models: La secuela no llega a la suela del zapato al unique. (The continuation doesnt compare to the original.)Las negociaciones entre el equipo y Gustavo Torres llegaron a buen puerto. (The dealings between the group and Gustavo Torres arrived at an agreeable conclusion.)La empresa que no construya confianza no llegar lejos. (The business that doesnt assemble certainty wont get far.)El cantante llegã ³ y besã ³ el santo con su canciã ³n Silencio. (The artist had accomplishment on his first attempt with his tune Silencio.)Afortunadamente no llegã ³ la sangre al rã ­o, gracias a la rpida reacciã ³n de mis amigos. (Luckily, there were no genuine outcomes, on account of the fast response of my friends.)Despuà ©s de insultarse, llegaron a las manos. (Subsequent to offending one another, they got into a fight.) Conjugating Llegar Llegar is conjugated consistently as far as accentuation, yet not as far as spelling. The last g should be changed to gu when followed by an e. This happens in the primary individual demonstrative preterite (lleguã ©, I showed up) and in the subjunctive and basic states of mind. Along these lines it follows the example of pagar.

Satire and Irony in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain - Free Essay Example

In Mark Twains novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, satire and irony are frequently used as a medium to portray his emotions towards issues related to society in that time period. Throughout the novel Twain ridicules multiple aspects of society, including the prevailing outlooks on religious hypocrisy and societal stereotypes to represent the social problems of the present time. Twains most prominent use of satire was with religion. Throughout the novel, he uses numerous scenarios to mock the beliefs of religion. Twain used the dispute between Shepherdsons and Grangerfords to blatantly satirize religion and expose the hypocrisy. Twain wrote, Next Sunday we all went to church about three mile, everyone a-horseback. The men took their gun and kept them between their knees or stood them handy against the wall(Twain 108). In Twains perspective, this feud is ridiculous and against moral common sense. The dispute was so long that the men forget why they started to bicker in the first place. Eventually, the men arrive to church and begin to pray to their God and soon after, they go to kill each other. This portrays that going to church to pray shows that it is more of a reputational aspect rather than a religious one that the men are worried about. Twain also uses Hucks experiences with Miss Watson to interpret satire within religion. Huck says, Miss Watson she too k me in the closet and prayed, but nothing come of it(Twain 15). Twain presents this to mock beliefs in Christianity. After not receiving what he wants when praying, Huck concludes that there is no reason behind praying to a God if nothing is received from it. When irony is depicted in the novel, it is most evident when Huck is stuck between to codes of ethics that conflict against each other: following the law and turning in Jim or sneaking behind it and saving him. Huck claims, I felt easy and happy and light as a feather right off. All my troubles was gone. I went to looking out sharp for a light, and sort of singing to myself(Twain 91). This line expresses how it would be much easier to obey the law and betray Jim by turning him in, but his loyalty to Jim creates a message to the reader reminding us that what is easy might not always be morally correct. Hucks sacrifice illustrates to the reader how he struggles with moral and identity dilemmas but in the end becomes stronger and mature through apologizing and making the most moral decision. The frivolous nature of the humor caused by the irony and satire fades and open the eyes of the reader as they are forced to encounter the urgent need for societal changes. The authors voice is portrayed especially when critiquing hypocrisies and major flaws that apply to society, social institutions, and individuals. Twains voice and search for identity helps the reader to deeply understand the message of choosing what is morally correct over what is easier. Hucks presentation as a character was the most dominant in the novel but when he truly reveals what he wants for himself in society, it is evident that he developed and matured wrapping up his wisdom learned through situations he conquered even when he tried to escape them.

Ethnoarchaeology - Cultural Anthropology Archaeology

Ethnoarchaeology is a research technique that involves using information from living cultures—in the form of ethnology, ethnography, ethnohistory, and experimental archaeology—to understand patterns found at an archaeological site. An ethnoarchaeologist acquires evidence about ongoing activities in any society  and uses those studies to draw analogies from modern behavior to explain and better understand patterns seen in archaeological sites. Key Takeaways: Ethnoarchaeology Ethnoarchaeology is a research technique in archaeology that uses present-day ethnographic information to inform remains of sites.  Applied first in the late 19th century and at its height in the 1980s and 1990s, the practice has decreased in the 21st century.The problem is what its always been: the application of oranges (living cultures) to apples (ancient past).  Benefits include the amassing of huge quantities of information about production techniques and methodologies. American archaeologist Susan Kent defined ethnoarchaeologys purpose as to formulate and test archaeologically oriented and/or derived methods, hypotheses, models and theories with ethnographic data. But it is archaeologist Lewis Binford who wrote most clearly: ethnoarchaeology is a Rosetta stone: a way of translating the static material found on an archaeological site into the vibrant life of a group of people who in fact left them there. Practical Ethnoarchaeology Ethnoarchaeology is typically conducted by using the cultural anthropological methods of participant observation, but it also finds behavioral data in ethnohistorical and ethnographic reports as well as oral history. The basic requirement is to draw on strong evidence of any kind for describing artifacts and their interactions with people in activities. Ethnoarchaeological data can be found in published or unpublished written accounts (archives, field notes, etc.); photographs; oral history; public or private collections of artifacts; and of course, from observations deliberately made for archaeological purposes on a living society. American archaeologist Patty Jo Watson argued that ethnoarchaeology should also include experimental archaeology. In experimental archaeology, the archaeologist creates the situation to be observed rather than taking it where he or she finds it: observations are still made of archaeological relevant variables within a living context. Edging Towards a Richer Archaeology The possibilities of ethnoarchaeology brought in a flood of ideas about what archaeologists could say about the behaviors represented in the archaeological record: and a corresponding earthquake of reality about the ability of archaeologists to recognize all or even any of the social behaviors that went on in an ancient culture. Those behaviors must be reflected in the material culture (I made this pot this way because my mother made it this way; I traveled fifty miles to get this plant because thats where weve always gone). But that underlying reality may only be identifiable from the pollen and potsherds if the techniques allow their capture, and careful interpretations appropriately fit the situation. Archaeologist Nicholas David described the sticky issue pretty clearly: ethnoarchaeology is an attempt to cross the divide between the ideational order (the unobservable ideas, values, norms, and representation of the human mind) and the phenomenal order (artifacts, things affected by human action and differentiated by matter, form, and context). Processual and Post-Processual Debates The ethnoarchaeological study reinvented the study of archaeology, as the science edged into the post-World War II scientific age. Instead of simply finding better and better ways to measure and source and examine artifacts (a.k.a. processual archaeology), archaeologists felt they could now make hypotheses about the kinds of behaviors those artifacts represented (post-processual archaeology). That debate polarized the profession for much of the 1970s and 1980s: and while the debates have ended, it became clear that the match is not perfect. For one thing, archaeology as a study is diachronic—a single archaeological site always includes evidence of all the cultural events and behaviors that might have taken place at that location for hundreds or thousands of years, not to mention the natural things that happened to it over that time. In contrast, ethnography is synchronic—what is being studied is what happens during the course of the research. And theres always this underlying uncertainty: can the patterns of behavior that are seen in modern (or historical) cultures really be generalized to ancient archaeological cultures, and how much? History of Ethnoarchaeology Ethnographic data was used by some late 19th century/early 20th century archaeologists to understand archaeological sites (Edgar Lee Hewett leaps to mind), but the modern study has its roots in the post-war boom of the 1950s and 60s. Beginning in the 1970s, a huge burgeoning of literature explored the potentialities of the practice (the processual/post-processual debate driving much of that). There is some evidence, based on the decrease in the number of university classes and programs, that ethnoarchaeology, although an accepted, and perhaps standard practice for most archaeological studies in the late 20th century, is fading in importance in the 21st. Modern Critiques Since its first practices, ethnoarchaeology has often come under criticism for several issues, primarily for its underpinning assumptions about how far the practices of a living society can reflect the ancient past. More recently, scholars as archaeologists Olivier Gosselain and Jerimy Cunningham have argued that western scholars are blinded by assumptions about living cultures. In particular, Gosselain argues that ethnoarchaeology doesnt apply to prehistory because it isnt practiced as ethnology--in other words, to properly apply cultural templates derived from living people you cant simply pick up technical data. But Gosselain also argues that doing a full ethnological study would not be useful expenditure of time, since equating present-day societies are never going to be sufficiently applicable to the past. He also adds that although ethnoarchaeology may no longer be a reasonable way to conduct research, the main benefits of the study has been to amass a huge amount of data on production techniques and methodologies, which can be used as a reference collection for scholarship. Selected Sources Cunningham, Jerimy J., and Kevin M. McGeough. The Perils of Ethnographic Analogy. Parallel Logics in Ethnoarchaeology and Victorian Bible Customs Books. Archaeological Dialogues 25.2 (2018): 161–89. Print.Gonzà ¡lez-Urquijo, J., S. Beyries, and J. J. Ibà ¡Ãƒ ±ez. Ethnoarchaeology and Functional Analysis. Use-Wear and Residue Analysis in Archaeology. Eds. Marreiros, Joà £o Manuel, Juan F. Gibaja Bao and Nuno Ferreira Bicho. Manuals in Archaeological Method, Theory and Technique: Springer International Publishing, 2015. 27–40. Print.Gosselain, Olivier P. To Hell with Ethnoarchaeology! Archaeological Dialogues 23.2 (2016): 215–28. Print.Kamp, Kathryn, and John Whittaker. Editorial Reflections: Teaching Science with Ethnoarchaeology and Experimental Archaeology. Ethnoarchaeology 6.2 (2014): 79–80. Print.Parker, Bradley J. Bread Ovens, Social Networks and Gendered Space: An Ethnoarchaeological Study of Tandir Ovens in Southeastern Anatolia. American Antiquit y 76.4 (2011): 603–27. Print.Politis, Gustavo. Reflections on Contemporary Ethnoarchaeology. Pyrenae 46 (2015). Print.Schiffer, Michael Brian. Contributions of Ethnoarchaeology. The Archaeology of Science. Vol. 9. Manuals in Archaeological Method, Theory and Technique: Springer International Publishing, 2013. 53–63. Print.

The Use Of The Financial Investigation Method - 1695 Words

This research examines the extent of the use of the financial investigation method to advance the process of fraud investigation. To achieve this aim, an exploratory case study was utilised to allow the researcher conducting an in-depth investigation. This case study is carried out by exploring several fraud cases that significantly used financial investigation method in the process of investigation. According to Yin (2003), case study approach is the most suitable instrument for investigating an object or phenomenon, as it emphasises the historical process in understanding the object. By using this method, the researcher gained a valuable opportunity of going into a real process of fraud investigation from the perspective of investigators. However, the researcher realised that there are many things may occur in a single process of investigation. Each investigator, as a person or represent the organisation, may have a different procedure and strategy in carrying out an investigation. The different type of fraud case may also lead the investigator into different process of investigation. Therefore, one single of investigation cannot be ultimately used as a standard or benchmark. Due to the variations of fraud cases and the process of field investigation, a multiple case study was chosen to show how a financial investigation can advance the whole process of investigation. Baxter and Jack (2008) stated that a multiple case study allows a researcher to analyse within eachShow MoreRelatedForensic Accounting : A Relatively New Field1554 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction While accounting has always been widely practiced, forensic accounting is a relatively new field. Forensic accounting is the use of accounting to extract information from financial documents to prove fraud or embezzlement in the court of law. It involves identifying, recording, and extracting financial data while using a variety of direct and indirect analysis methods. 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This included $33.5 million which the companys chief financial officer and another company executive had refused to sign off on ADDIN EN.CITE Lemer2012284(Lemer, 2012)28428423Jeremy LemerSNC-Lavalin head resigns over breach of ethic sFinancial Times2012New YorkThe Financial Times Ltdhttp://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/5549bce4-7760-11e1-827d-00144feab49a.html#axzz2AEVBzXtxOctober 25th 2012( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_2 o LemerRead MoreReport on Financial Statement Fraud Scheme Case Study: the Importance of Timing950 Words   |  4 PagesReport on Financial Statement Fraud Scheme Case Study: The Importance of Timing ACC/556 Professor University of Phoenix December 19, 2011 Memo   To: The Management   From: Forensic Auditor   Date: 12/19/2011   Subject: Case Study on the Importance of Timing and Financial Statement Fraud Scheme As our company is in process of conducting investigation to detect any financial statement fraud or abuse, I have come across the case where expenses were recorded in the financialRead MoreDeloitte LabCo779 Words   |  4 PagesContract Mr. CFO: Accounting Method for Halibut Contract It has recently come to the attention of our audit team that a change in accounting methods has been proposed to LabCo’s contract with Halibut. 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Now that we know what comprehensive control program is we can go into detail what the benefits are for each oneRead MoreEvidence Law and Audit Program Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesApollo Shoes Casebook Define the process you will use and address the following assessed classroom discussion questions: What procedures will be used to collect accounting evidence? What sampling tools and techniques will be used for the examination? How will you use analytical and inferential tools to evaluate accounting evidence? Submit your assignment to the facilitator. Note. APA formatting is not required for this assignment. Use a title and reference page where appropriate. ConsiderRead MoreA Brief Note On Covert Activities And Its Effects On The Workplace924 Words   |  4 Pagesnegate detection by the perpetrator before evidence is destroyed. 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Nafta and Mexican Trucking free essay sample

The implementation of NAFTA on January 1, 1994 brought the immediate elimination of tariffs on more than one-half of Mexicos exports to the U. S. and more than one-third of U. S. exports to Mexico. Under the agreement, the United States and Mexico were to allow trucks from each country to deliver goods to destinations inside the other country, provided the trucks and their drivers met all safety regulations mandated by the host government. According to Annex I of the agreement, licensed and qualified Mexican trucks were to be allowed to make deliveries in U.S. border states by 1995, a year after the agreement went into effect, and throughout the U. S. by 2000. U. S. trucking firms were to be granted the same access to Mexico. But under pressure from the Teamsters Union, President Clinton unilaterally suspended implementation of the provisions in 1995, citing safety concerns (Griswold 2013). The North American Free Trade Agreement called for allowing Mexican truckers into the U. S. , but the International Brotherhood of Teamsters and Democratic allies in Congress repeatedly used legislation to block access. A NAFTA sanctioned court ruled in the late 1990s that Mexico could impose punitive tariffs, which it did in 2009, affecting $2. 4 billion in U. S. goods annually (Public Citizen 2013). In 2000, the U. S. chose to slow implementation of the NAFTA provision to allow Mexican truckers in the US. Competition from less expensive trucking companies in Mexico would drive down prices of U. S. trucking companies, argued those in favor of slowing implementation. The U. S. Chamber of Commerce as well as well as Public Citizen, a DC special interest group, has since reported that sanctions on Mexican trucks cost the U.S. up to a million jobs. These studies also supported wage loss, economic inequality, and slowed manufacturing export growth. In response to these arguments, the Bush administration enacted a pilot program in 2007 to allow a limited number of Mexican trucks into the U. S. , provided these trucks meet U. S. safety regulations. The Teamsters, however, said Mexican truckers have less-s tringent vision requirements than truckers in the U. S. , which allegedly violates the Pilot Program’s requirement for equivalent trucker safety in the two countries (Public Citizen 2013). As a result, the Teamsters successfully lobbied congress to cut spending for the program, effectively eradicating the pilot program in 2009. Suspension of the pilot program in 2009 was based on protectionism and prejudice, not legitimate safety concerns. Although the Teamsters union leaders talk about safety, many question their â€Å"real agenda. † Some argue that the Teamsters’ mission is not to promote safer roads, but to protect U. S. truckers from increased competition. The broader agenda of their congressional allies is to thwart full implementation of a successful trade agreement with Mexico, the U.S. ’s third-largest trading partner. In contrast to stereotypes associated with Mexican drivers, experience from the pilot program has demonstrated that Mexican trucks and their drivers are fully capable of complying with all U. S. safety requirements. An August 2009 report from the Department of Transportation’s Inspector General found that only 1. 2% of Mexican drivers that were inspected were placed out of service for violations, compared to nearly 7% of U. S. drivers who were inspected. The â€Å"out of service† rate for Mexican trucks was slightly lower than the rate for U. S.trucks, even though Mexican trucks were inspected six times more often than the U. S. trucks (Griswold 2013). In 2011, the Obama administration signed an agreement with Mexico, allowing Mexican truckers into the U. S. as long as they meet U. S. clean air emissions standards, submit to U. S. security checks, meet U. S. highway safety standards, and drivers know English, demonstrate understanding of U. S. highway signs and purchase U. S. insurance. Today, Mexican truckers are allowed to bring goods deep into the U. S. Section 2. Country Analysis; Mexico and the U. S. U. S. ECONOMY The U. S. economy, the world’s largest, has a GDP of $15. 1 trillion, a small growth rate of 1. 7 % and a yearly income of $48,387 per capita. The unemployment rate is hovering around 7. 9% while the nation still attempts to recover fully from the 2008 financial crisis and ensuing recession. However, Under Democratic President Barack Obama, the federal system of government, designed to reserve significant powers to the state and local levels, has been strained by the national government’s rapid expansion. Spending at the national level rose to over 25 percent of GDP in 2010, and gross public debt surpassed 100 percent of GDP in 2011 (Heritage 2013). The United States’ economy is a relatively free market system, with an economic freedom score of 76. However, the nation has lost ground again in the 2013 Index compared with past years. Its score is 0. 3 points lower than last year, with declines in monetary freedom, business freedom, labor freedom, and fiscal freedom. Thus, because some protectionism and barriers have been imposed, the trade-weighted average tariff rate at 1. 8 percent, and additional barriers such as anti-dumping laws and â€Å"Buy American† rules add to the cost of trade in the U. S (Heritage 2013). Due to the proximity of the two nations, the US economy is highly affected by the Mexican economy. Mexico is the third largest exporting country after China and Canada; Mexican exports were valued $174. 4 billion in 2011, which represents an increase of 218% in less than a decade. As a result of NAFTA, Mexico and the US cooperate in the following key areas of interest (among others): protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPR); enhancement of collective energy security, including the safe and efficient exploration and exploitation of resources (Villarreal 2013).U. S. POLITICAL RISKS The US political risks associated with allowing Mexican truckers into the U. S. revolve around the dependence of U. S. elected leaders on the performance of US markets, and the dependence of U. S. markets on imports from, and exports to Mexico. This is because when certain constituencies are being adversely affected by a market’s performance or by a perceived market outcome of a specific government policy, they apply pressure to their elected representatives to ease their economic pain. The ability for a given constituency to apply significant pressure on its elected representatives varies greatly on the skills and resources held by the individuals that make up the constituency. Some constituencies derive the power to pressure representatives from sheer size and the ability of members of the constituency to vote for representatives who share their opinions on an issue. Other constituencies may derive power to pressure representatives from their ability to expend resources such as money and public relations expertise to influence voters outside their constituency to vote with the constituency on a given issue. For example, one constituency affected by NAFTA in the U. S. is Floridian tomatoes growers. These growers know that they cannot compete with Mexicans growers because of low labor and land costs in Mexico creating a much lower priced tomato than what can be grown in the U. S. Thus, on numerous occasions throughout the implementation of NAFTA, Florida growers have pressured elements of the U. S. government to limit the ability of Mexican growers to freely sell tomatoes in the U. S. This has gone as far as Florida growers pressuring the government to initiate two anti-dumping investigations of Mexican tomato growers. Critics of Florida tomato growers speculate that the Tomato Growers are using their large influence in Florida, a U. S. swing state, to encourage numerous government administrations to prevent implementing certain provisions of NAFTA. This culminated in 2012, when Florida growers began pressuring the U. S. Commerce Department to begin its second anti-dumping agreement and eliminate a suspension agreement between the U.S and Mexico that has allowed free trade of tomatoes with a price floor between the U. S. and Mexico. If this suspension agreement were to be eliminated, the Mexican government estimates that hundreds of thousands of jobs could be lost in the Mexican tomato industry, which in 2011 shipped 93% of its exports to the U. S. At the same time, many U. S. business leaders and congressmen supported continuing the suspension agreement, because it helped create lower priced tomatoes for American consumers, and many American jobs were actually related to the distribution of Mexican tomatoes in the U. S. Therefore the US congress was forced to reestablish trade with Mexico in order to stabilize their economy, and improve the imports and exports that generate capital for the country. In this case the political risk was that U. S. representatives risked losing votes from a major constituency in Florida if they worked to continue free trade of tomatoes. However, because free trade of tomatoes was already active, the U. S. economy on a macro sense benefited from free trade of tomatoes, and thus U. S. representatives felt they would be serving a greater constituency by voting to maintain the suspension agreement between the U. S.and Mexico (McKeague 2012). U. S. LEGAL RESTRICTIONS Throughout the implementation of NAFTA, the US has imposed various restrictions many of the individual markets in order to keep some autonomy over the national economy. Those barriers help the US market to remain stable, to protect consumers, and to be lead in a large part by local U. S. firms, however, free tra de or special trade has emerged as a result of NAFTA within some sectors. This has created the opportunity for firms from Mexico and Canada to lead certain industries, which is generally the case for agricultural goods and truck transportation from Mexico (Villarreal 2013). In the case of Mexican truckers, there was a set of restrictions imposed by the US government and backed with legal standards and bureaucratic obstacles that have lead Mexican firms to exit the market and retained the U. S. domination of trucking in the U. S. However, the reaction was the same from the Mexican side and their series of retaliatory protectionist regulations resulted in a final outcome that was negative for both nations, and especially for US. Ultimately, the legal restrictions imposed had to be removed for the most part, while some were kept to improve the service in the trucking industry, and free trade resumed between the nations. MEXICAN ECONOMIC SYSTEM Mexico is one of the most important emerging economies in the world and is renewing its efforts to become a leader in the region; it just became a member of the Pacific Alliance. Mexican GDP is $1. 178 trillion, which indicates a major emerging economy with an upper middle-income level (World Bank 2013). Mexico has agreed on an ambitious and comprehensive National Development Plan, which also guides the structural reform agenda to enhance productivity in order to develop key industries to which the central government has not paid due attention in decades. The Mexican economy recovered from the severe contraction generated by the 2008-2009 global financial crisis as the economy experienced an average annual growth of 4. 3 % between 2010 and 2012. The country is recovering it self by developing all the rural areas that are not sustainable by themselves with a project cost of 131 million dollars (world bank 2013), in order to at least cover the people basics need and the own city needs and do not depend on the capital budget. However, More recently, weak external demand has led to stagnation in growth and prompted the Ministry of Finance to lower its growth projection for 2013 to 1. 8 %. MEXICAN POLITICAL RISKS The primary political risk faced by Mexico is that the nation relies heavily on the U. S. as a destination for exports, and that the nation’s economic health depends on its ability to produce exports, primarily from the agriculture industry. This relationship between Mexico and the U. S. is as much convenience as it is geography: the two nations are right next to each other and have complementary populations and resources, which allow the two nations to serve each others needs. Because of this special relationship, there is a political risk in Mexico that the U. S. economy must be thriving for the Mexican economy to thrive. Mexico has not sufficiently diversified its portfolio of countries to which it exports, and therefore is very much dependent on the health of the U. S. economy to purchase goods produce in Mexico. The reality of this political risk can be seen in the case of tomato growers in Mexico and the U. S. When the U. S. imposed regulations on tomatoes from Mexico, the Mexico government had to risk hurting the U. S. economy (through retaliatory protectionist trade regulations) in order to protect its own constituents, the Mexican tomato growers (Wingfield 2012). MEXICAN LEGAL RESTRICTIONS Mexico has rarely imposed many protectionist trade restrictions over U. S. goods; this is because Mexico has been seen as the primary beneficiary of the NAFTA free trade agreement. However, after the U. S. imposed new illegal barriers and regulations on Mexican truckers in the U. S. , in direct defiance of the NAFTA agreement, the Mexican government responded with its own series legally valid (because the U. S. had violated NAFTA) tariffs and barriers over numerous US exports to Mexico. This maneuver was both to retaliate for U. S. trade restrictions, and to recoup some lost revenue from new U. S. regulation. However, both countries’ eventual outcomes were inferior to those with free trade; even though barriers and legal restrictions protected

Secret Life of Bees Human Honeycomb Essay Example

Secret Life of Bees: Human Honeycomb Essay As humans, we tend to believe we are far superior to all other creatures, that we have nothing in common with anything thought of as ‘below us’. We are very wrong in thinking that. In the novel the Secret Life of Bees by Sue Monk Kidd, it is proven that though we do have differences, we are not so different from such a ‘simple’ creature as the bee. In the novel, Kidd compares a bee community, meaning their hives, to a human community, which could mean something as big as a town or city, or something as small as a family. She makes the reader realize that we are similar to bees in the way we treat life and crave love from others. She also, however, shows us how we differentiate in little ways like being able to replace a leader and the ability to hate. By comparing the two different communities, Kidd helps us understand the workings of life itself. Though humans see the differences between themselves and a little bee on a grand scale, there are still plenty of smaller scale differences that you have to think about. Unlike a human government, â€Å"A hive without a queen was a death sentence for the bees. We will write a custom essay sample on Secret Life of Bees: Human Honeycomb specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Secret Life of Bees: Human Honeycomb specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Secret Life of Bees: Human Honeycomb specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They would stop work and go around completely demoralized. †(286). In a human government, we elect a leader and someone to take their place should something happen to them. In a bee community, if a queen dies or leaves the hive, all the bees stop working and their society falls apart. There is also the emotion issue â€Å"I hate you! †(39). Humans possess the ability to feel and think for themselves, and one of our strongest emotions is hate. Bees do not hate other bees to our knowledge, and they are drones who work as a unit, not free-thinking individuals. Although humans and bees are obviously very different, we are very much alike as well. Many people would not believe that they are similar to a honey bee, but, in fact, they are. â€Å"The world was really one big bee yard, and the same rules worked fine in both places: Don’t be afraid as no life-loving bees wants to sting you† (92). The human world is similar to a bee yard because both are made up of small, structured communities that are run by a leader. And, much like the bees, if a human is happy and loves life, they are less likely to strike out at anyone. Even if bees do not possess hate, they can possess love â€Å"Above all, send the bees love. Every little thing wants to be loved. †(92). This quote is very true, no matter what or who you are, love is essential to your life. Whether you are communicating or just working along, making honey, love is extremely important. Humans and bees look and seem very different, but deep down we actually are very similar. Sue Monk Kidd compared human and bee societies because by highlighting the similarities and differences between the two, she helps us realize things about our everyday lives that we may not pay any attention to. Besides the obvious differences like species and size, we differ from bees because we can replace a fallen leader in a heartbeat and still have our society run smoothly. We also possess the ability to hate one another, where as bees do not. We do have similarities though, like whether you are a human or a bee who loves life, you are less likely to act negatively towards others because of that love of life. Bees and humans (along with everything else in the world) both greatly desire love as well. Next time, before you kill that ‘insignificant’ little bee, remember that he is not so different from you and spare him his life.

buy custom Cognizant IT Company essay

buy custom Cognizant IT Company essay The scope of this paper will be confined towards the analysis of recruitment practices prevalent in Cognizant Technologies Solutions Corp. There are various techniques used in the recruitment and staffing processes for the purpose of human resource planning. These practices will be analyzed in this research. In this regard, the paper will specifically consider the recruitment practices in the Cognizant Technologies company in the IT sector. The aim of this research will be focused on the analysis of different practices prevalent in this company; one best practice among them will also be selected. For this purpose, a specific research methodology will be selected and implemented in the light of this research aim. After that the researcher will make use of data collected for the purpose of interpreting findings to decide about any solution for the intended research question. The data collection methodologies will focus on both data collection methods, in order to assure for the accuracy related with the findings, which will be derived out of the processing and interpretation of the data. All the principles and the guidelines which are being followed in the recruitment practices of information and technology personnel will be discussed and associated with the research.. All the discussion carried out will be in form of conclusion at the end of the research work. Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp. is an information and technology company in America which also offers consulting and outsourcing services in business processes. Cognizant Technologies operates in IT services and IT consulting industry. The company has been one of the best ranked U.S. companies in the year 2011. The nature of the business environment in which the company operates includes its competitors, suppliers, distributors, employees, stakeholders, and customers. Such business environment influences company's marginal sales and profitability. The success in any company like Cognizant Solutions Company, which usually operates mainly for marketing and the acquisition of high profits, is dependent on the management and the establishment of all the products and services that are being offered by the company. For a company to be able to compete and survive in the competitive market, it has to be very successful. The success of a company or organization can be defined by the cons tant innovation and development of the companys product lines and the increasing clientele numbers. Several methodologies are used for the purpose of recruitment and selection of candidates who are suitable for the discharge of organisational commitments. Discharge of organisational duties and commitments may refer to the effective role play related to the job profile handed over to the incumbent. The selection process aims to analyse skills and capabilities of the candidates in relation to the requirements that are to be fulfilled when they are assigned a task. There are many positive and negative aspects that are associated with all the different techniques that are employed for the purpose of recruitment and selection. Accordingly, the human resource planning is a key area that needs to be focused on for the development of the entire organization and for the accomplishment of organizational goals. Primarily, this research paper seeks to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the techniques employed for the purpose of recruitment. Thus, there is a potential need for it to be carried out in order to gain an insight into the different recruitment and selection practices used in Cognizant Technologies. This will ultimately help members in the organisation to decide upon the most appropriate method of recruitment. The recruitment and selection in Cognizant Technologies has been considered as a very important task at the workplace and the entire process is regarded as crucial for the success of the company. The research background explains that there are several techniques employed for the purpose of staff recruitment. These techniques are extremely crucial and do have an impact on the organisational dimensions. In this regard the research question and the other areas to be focused on are also defined in this part of the research work. The key question revolves around the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various recruitment techniques; while the ancillary questions that are designed to support the main question are related to consideration of specific conditions and situations in the recruitment process. During the recruitment and selection process, there is a multi-fold interference of technology which is adopted in the company. As a result, when it comes to the selection of professionals for the company itself, there is a pressing need to be more focused and meticulous in the selection criteria and recruitment techniques. This indicates the significance of this research project and explains the aspects that are required in terms of prioritising during the course of the research work. The research motive is related to the evaluation of the relative advantages and disadvantages that underpin the recruitment and selection techniques that are adopted within Cognizant Technologies Company. A sample size of 50 respondents in the companys information technology sector was selected on a random basis. The sample size of 50 IT executives, who are handling senior positions and are directly related with the recruitment tasks carried out in this sector, has been selected. It is evident that with the small sample size, it is not possible to gain considerable results, and, as such, the results obtained cannot be generalized for the entire population. Typeofstudy The study is both quantitative and qualitative. It involves multivariate regression statistic to study the target group. The statistical instrument used is quantitative as it showed the number of participants studied, while the correlation between the different variables is qualitative. Hypothesis It was assumed that there is a direct relationship between the recruitment practices and the general success of the company. Procedure A survey would be carried out using questionnaire; the target audiences for this purpose are the management members functional in Cognizant Technologies. Alongside them, managers responsible for the recruitment and selection procedures are also being targeted. Also, in this particular research, the questionnaire has been designed in a way that it is inclusive of several questions related to the recruitment practices being followed in the information and technology sector in Cognizant Technologies. All these questions are meant to gain an insight in the practices prevalent in this industry and in keeping with this, the skills required to be present in the IT professionals are also realized. In this questionnaire, some alternatives have been stated from which respondents have to select. This would assist respondents in their attempt to complete the questionnaire easily. The use of a structured questionnaire makes the research process smooth, as these questionnaires are easy to administer, and they are also relatively inexpensive. The option of alternate replies at various times helps respondents to understand the meaning of the questionnaire. The results of the impact study are described in three sections. Based on the results, in response to the section I, it was found out that the majority of the people who are involved with Cognizant IT Company are mostly young people who are between the ages of 20-35, which represented about 70% of the total respondents; with the least respondents belonging to the people who are above 40 years. A total of 56 professionals out of 100 were IT graduates. Only 24 respondents were qualified up to IT Post-graduation and 20 respondents had professional qualification other than graduation and post-graduation in IT. This reflects that mostly young graduates dominate in the IT sector and are recruited by companies. It was revealed in the graph that 50 out of 100 respondents had been working for a time period of 2-5 years, while 36 respondents had been working for less than 2 years. It should be noted that only 10 out of 100 respondents had been working for a period of 6-9 years, while very few, i.e. only 4 respondents, had an experience of more than ten years in the IT sector. In the responses to section II, a total of 78 respondents out of 100 said that the organisations had effective recruitment practices when they were questioned about whether the organisation had effective recruitment practices or not. One should point out that only 18 respondents answered that the organisations did not have effective recruitment practices, and only 4 out of 100 replied 'can't say', as their response, which reflects that the respondents were indeed neutral to the question. A total of 30 out of 78 respondents replied that utilising the best recruiting tools is the most important factor, which makes recruitment process effective. 26 respondents replied that the cost involved is the most important parameter. On the other hand, 16 expressed their concern with the time consumed parameter and 6 participants replied that resource required is the most important parameter. It can be said that the time consumed and effectiveness are the most crucial parameters. In response to the section III, the participants filled out a Likert Scale, where the respondents expressed their responses in terms of strongly agree (1), agree (2), neutral (3), disagree (4) and strongly disagree (5). 36 and 30 respondents expressed their response in terms of strongly agree and agree correspondingly. On the other hand, two groups of 16 and 16 respondents expressed their responses in terms of disagree and strongly disagree, while only 2 participants replied were neutral. It can be said that the recruitment practices being used in Cognizant Technology Solutions are the most appropriate. 56 disagree with the incorporation of a new technology, and 8 of the participants have remained neutral. It can be said that there is no need for the incorporation of new technologies, as the current recruitment practices are effective. A total of 50 disagreed with the need for the alignment and 6 of the participants remained neutral to the question. It can be concluded that the alignment of the different recruitment practices with each other is needed to increase the impact of the recruitment process. 22 and 22 expressed their response in terms of strongly agree and agree to the question concerning the requirement of special skills for the discharge of activities to be carried out in the IT sector. On the other hand, 28 and 22 respondents expressed their responses in terms of disagree and strongly disagree, while only 6 participants replied neutral as their response out of 100 respondents. It can be said that there is a requirement of special skills for the discharge of activities to be carried out in the IT sector of the company. There were 26 and 28 respondents who expressed their opinion in terms of strongly agree and agree to the question concerning the use of employee referrals for recruitment in IT companies. On the other hand, 20 and 18 respondents expressed their views in terms of disagree and strongly disagree, while 8 participants preferred to be neutral. It was pointed out that a change could be seen in the recruitment practices in the last few years with respect to the IT industry. This is due to the fact that the majority of participants, i.e. 42 and 26 respondents out of 100 provided their responses in terms of strongly agree and agree to the question concerning change in the recruitment practices in the past few years within Cognizant Company. On the other hand, 18 and 13 respondents expressed their responses in terms of disagree and strongly disagree, while only 1 participant kept neutral in response to the question. Discussion There are several types of recruitment practices, which are followed and carried out in Cognizant Technologies. It is a very basic and core business activity that is carrieed out in each and every organisation. Similarly, there are beliefs according to which it is stated that recruitment practices are very crucial for such organisations. On the basis of the recruitment practices carried out in the business, a talent pool of favourable candidates is created. This explains that recruitment practices play a crucial role in the human resource planning of any establishment. The type of skills being utilised in the organisation paves the way for the corporate future. This can be further supported in the light of the fact that employees are regarded as the pillars of the organisation. With the use of employees' skills and intellect, organisation can realize the available opportunities in the most appropriate and fruitful manner. There are several techniques which are utilised for the purpose of recruitment and selection of employees, and a number of these techniques are most favourable and are preferred over other means. There are two broad headings in which these recruitment techniques are classified; namely internal and external recruitment techniques. In terms of the internal techniques, they are confined to the limits of the organisation and mainly focus on the employees working in the organisation. One of the practices followed and realised in regard to internal recruitment practices can be defined as succession planning. There are serious efforts which are carried out on the part of organisations in this regard, and account for managing the needs of senior level employees in a proactive manner. With regards to the term proactive, it is worth mentioning that succession planning is carried out before time, when there is no actual position for the profile. On the other hand, there are some other techniques, which are used for recruitment purposes and are defined as internal to the organisation. Also, there are certain positions for which recruiting procedures are carried out on the basis of employee referrals. Various benefits are associated with the use of internal recruitment techniques and one of the key benefits to be mentioned in this regard is related to the attitude of the hired employees. The employees who are hired on behalf of the referrals of the existing employees are well aware of the norms and practices of the organisation of which they are going to be a part. It helps in the development of a favourable and positive attitude. As for the other category of recruitment practices, it is defined as external recruitment practices, and entails all the sources which are external to the company. Some of the examples to be mentioned in this category are campus placement, use of consultants, newspaper advertisements etc. Specific features are in fact associated with these techniques, which helps in the selection of the most appropriate process of recruitment for the company. RecommendationsandConclusions Recruitment and selection practices are the most important aspects to be associated with any organisation like Cognizant Solutions. With the use of these techniques, the corporate plans can be long term in terms of contemporary trends in the industry. It illustrates the importance and impact of recruitment practices in the growth rate and success of the company. This can be elaborated further in that there is a need for the right kind of personnel for a particular job profile. On the basis of this job alignment with the skills of the employees, organisational success can be ensured. As for findings, which have been determined in light of this research work, there are certain recommendations which are required to be followed by companies functional or running the information and technology sector. The first recommendation, which can be deduced in this regard, is related to the use of recruitment practices. There are questions in the survey which are related to this aspect and tend to determine the orientation of the IT executives of this industry, who are engaged in the process of recruitment and selection of the employees. The responses analysed in the results section suggest that there is a need for an IT professional to deal with the governance of the recruitment process to be carried out in an effective manner. It is recommended for current companies in the information and technology industry that they should make use of a person having work experience in the IT industry, so that he/she could associate with the specific organisational needs for various profiles. This will enhance the impact and effectiveness of the recruitment activities. There are some more recommendations, which are to be incorporated for the enhancement of the effectiveness of the recruitment practices in this organisational sector. There are findings suggesting that most of the IT related recruitment practitioners believe that newspaper advertisements are the most effective method to create a talent pool. In this regard, it is recommended for Cognizant Solutions to make use of this technique to deal with the need and requirement of hiring IT professionals for the company. This will help the company to take full advantage of the benefits associated with this recruitment technique. It is clearly stated and shown in the findings section that most of the people engaged in the recruitment practices in the IT sector are related to the use of these techniques and tend to focus on them only. Hence, the company is advised to keep away from trying new recruitment techniques for crucial positions. On the basis of the responses gained, it can be recommended for IT professionals to use these recruitment techniques in an integrated manner, which will help in the accomplishment of a proper alignment between these techniques. This recommendation is based on the nature and skills required for various job profiles. There is a need for a particular type of recruitment activity for different positions. In this context, it can be stated that senior level jobs require credible and more qualified personnel, and for this, employee referrals are more suitable. While on the other hand, for lower level jobs, which are more oriented towards regular work and demand less autonomy, newspaper advertisements are the best suited recruitment practice. Buy custom Cognizant IT Company essay

Business Model Concept

Model in business is a precise and clear way in which a company can generate profit or revenues. Due to the technology change and advance in communication has put customers in a variety of choice. Competitiveness and efficient has contributed to managers employing the business model to provide better product and services. The business model is a way of analyzing data and evidence presented to prove how they can increase the value of their customer (Peris-Ortiz, 2016). Type of product determines the criteria in company choose a business model. Additionally, the model determines how a company goes about sales and marketing strategies including pricing, sales channel, potential partners, and branding. However, produce a super average profit and sustainable competitive advantage, business should excel in both business model design and product innovation (Fields, 2016). Business model differs from one company to another; because of companies offering differing products (Piperopoulos, 2012 ). The main aim of a company is to generate high-profit margin. For instance, the mobile industry might decide to sell the mobile at a low price, and then they will generate revenues from the sales of recharge card. Due to global economy development, the company has changed the relationship between the customers and suppliers (Rainey, 2010). This essay aims to explain and provide a discussion of value creation and appropriation and innovation process at firms. The business model is how a company makes, delivers, and gets value in the social, cultural and economic environment (Baden-Fuller and Morgan, 2010, P.161). Theoretically, a company comprises core aspects including trading practices, strategies, infrastructure, targeting customers, purpose, operational policies, organizational structures, and business process. In a theoretical perspective, design logical is a process of changing organization management to get profit. â€Å"Managers were interviewed, and also various literature was conducted to understand what comprises business model† (George and Bock, 2012).In this design logic, it explains how the managers can view and explain business modeling. The relevant studies show how managers create a strong narrative study on how to move the business from one point to another. If the stories are incoherent, the business will fail (George and Bock, 2012). Companies create value by their products in the stable market. Suppliers set up and capture value by introducing their product to a competitive market price (Ruzzier et al., 2014).The law of demand and supply states that vendors are ready to provide their product to market if demand is high and therefore recording high-profit margin. On another side, the customers will buy the product if the price is less than utility yielded (Ruzzier et al., 2014). Innovation occurs due to technology change (Rainey, 2010). The ability of value is capturing; the firm must embrace new business modeling. The technology that does not match with new business modeling is meant to fail (Piperopoulos, 2012). The history shows that innovation will fail if the market system does not offer quality at good prices and also compelling value. On the contrary, small business does not require business modeling change (Zott and Amit, 2010). Therefore expanding the market share and segment one can achieve innovation; helps to create new business models will further create a new organization. Innovation process cannot make sense without the process of innovation of products and services. For instances, the Google, e-bays, and Apple: embraced new business models due to advancement in technology (Ruzzier et al., 2014). Apparently, designing efficient business models require one to have an in-depth knowledge about various items including market research, availability of the intelligent system and Innovation point of view (Chesbrough, 2010, p.355). The business model is worthy if the system is dynamic.Therefore contributes to the success of the firm. Business modeling is all about organizing value chain. However, it shows also the value capturing importance (Teece, 2010, p.176). Hybrid framework of business model  Ã‚  Ã‚   Importance of business model in value creation Perception of the business concept, antecedents, then consequences Clarity in the business model and innovation The first quadrant represents a clear understanding of the business concept`s conceptualization. There is also conceptual of antecedences and its consequences. It focuses on academic rather than practical oriented. This quadrant shows the essence of the concept, whereby academic journals published mainly in the English language. The second quadrant shows the established business for an existing technology like automobile industries. There are openness and clarity to external environment and technology innovation. .in order to further understand this quadrant, (Daimler AG (‘Car2Go’) and Volkswagen AG (‘Quicar’) have developed an approach to car sharing. The third quadrant examines the efficiency and novelty lock-in centered designs (Amit & Zott, 2001). Automated electronics industries in Germany such as control systems, electric drives, measurement and testing equipment and finally electric drives (Zott and Amit, 2010, p.218). The fourth quadrant takes most dynamic aspect. It focuses on content, structure or governance.it represents the new to the technology. Quadrant identifies the element of business model change. (Berglund and sandstorm, 2013, p.280). Another importance issue worth discussing is that complementary in finding the business partner. When finding a business partner, Managers should make sure that value drivers of partnering business; can only be achieved by analyzing their business model (Zott and Amit, 2010, p.218). According to Zott and Amit (2009) considers themes design and content design as important in business model design. Design content refers to examining to greater details actions completed, and finally sequencing the operations and looking for someone to perform. Themes design is the dominant value of the system in value creation. Basing on the above, Zott and Amit (2009) views the business model as two market choices: differentiation and cost leadership (Zott and Amit, 2010, p.219).Design themes include company description and modeling: targeting segment, the channel of distribution, partner network, value appropriation, customer relationship, revenue model and cost structuring (Zhang, 2009). Building on the same literature argument, a business can be conceptualized as series of dependent events forming business and then expanding its borders. The designer of action systems needs to check design themes and design elements (Zott and Amit, 2010, p.220). For a new entrepreneur, the business model is vital while for already existing firms, their managers will have difficult tasks to change a new one (Fields, 2016). These dependent events are performed or done by the leaders integrate organization activities to form business activity system. Value appropriation depends on the way competitors put pressure to the choice of business modeling manager as chosen (Berglund and sandstorm, 2013, p.277).The pricing strategies are related to product design while revenue design compliments the model layout. Conceptualization of business is the set of activities. First, business systems enable addressing of all vitals issues. Managers and academic languages have conceptual tools on how to engage in a proper manner (Zott et al., 2011, p.1025). Another point is that activity system enables firms not to think about product activity, but help in the holistic system is thinking about the business model (Zott and Amit, 2010, p.218).  Ã‚   Zara is a retail enterprise in Spain which has an excellent thoughtful of the business model. Conceptualization in the business activities enables more of further theoretical development. Even though there is little devotion in the world of business management literature, scholars have been unable to put together the relationship between team activities, individual actions, and performance of business model to come up with activity system (Zott et al., 2011, p.1020). The operation system could crucial in developing old and current business model, improve on predictive business design model. To conclude, this essay has addressed some significant issues regarding business model. Managers must be considerate to an external and internal environment surrounding the firm. The companies should know what their customers want, where and when. Activity system is vital in the development of new and old business model. Zott and Amit’s (2010) contribution to this essay is highly significant. Zott and Amit work explains largely on Business modeling, business as an activity and innovation in respect to the business model design. Baden-Fuller, C., & Morgan, M. S. (2010). Business models as models. Long range planning, 43(2), 156-171.   Berglund, H., & Sandstrà ¶m, C. (2013). Business model innovation from an open systems perspective: structural challenges and managerial solutions. International Journal of Product Development, 18(3-4), 274-285. Chesbrough, H. (2010). Business model innovation: opportunities and barriers. Long range planning, 43(2), 354-363. Fields, Z. (2016). Incorporating business models and strategies into social entrepreneurship. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference. George, G., & Bock, A. J. (2012). Models of opportunity: How entrepreneurs design firms to achieve the unexpected. Cambridge University Press. .Peris-Ortiz, M., & Sahut, J. (2016). New challenges in entrepreneurship and finance examining the prospects for sustainable business development, performance, innovation, and economic growth. Cham: Springer International. Piperopoulos, P. G. (2012). Entrepreneurship, innovation and business clusters. Farnham: Gower. Rainey, D. L. (2010). Sustainable business development: inventing the future through strategy, innovation, and leadership. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ruzzier, M. K., Ruzzier, M., & Hisrich, R. D. (2014). Marketing for Entrepreneurs and SMEs A Global Perspective. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Teece, D. J. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long range planning, 43(2), 172-194. Zhang, X. (2009). Values, expectations, ad hoc rules, and culture emergence in international cross-cultural management contexts. New York: Nova Science . Zott, C., & Amit, R. (2010). Business model design: an activity system perspective. Long range planning, 43(2), 216-226. Zott, C., Amit, R., & Massa, L. (2011). The business model: recent developments and future research. Journal of management, 37(4), 1019-1042.

A MORE PERFECT UNION(speech by pres. OBAMA) Essay

A MORE PERFECT UNION(speech by pres. OBAMA) - Essay Example In classical and the 20th century, various authors such as Aristotle, Michael Foucault and Chaim Perelman wrote theories on rhetoric, which has been brought out in this speech. Obama’s speech echoes the rhetorical theories among them pathos, ethos and logos that are thoroughly argued out in Aristotle’s the writing. Through the use, of ethos, which Aristotle argues to be the aid a speaker’s credibility and character adds in influencing the audience; Obama did make use of his character and credibility as the former senator of Illinois to influence Americans to vote for him in his speech, a more perfect union. Similarly, President Obama strategically employs pathos, a rhetoric device that changes the perception of the audience through emotional appeal and storytelling. In his choice to use pathos, President Obama did not only win the support of the majority of the American population but also caught their attention on the need to disregard racism as a vice that tear s apart the United States. Lastly, the concept of logos also had a tremendous impact given its input in Obama’s presidential speech. This is the use of reason to make an argument and express an idea. Aristotle’s the rhetoric gives a detailed account of this device. In his presidential speech, a more perfect union, President Obama used the argument on the need of unity among American citizens irrespective of their ethnic backgrounds for the common good of the United States as a whole (blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2008/03/18/text-of-obamas-speech-a-more-perfect-union). The success of president Obama ion delivering such an effective was founded on the factual information that he included in it. The breakthrough in Ethos is also based on biological, social, spiritual and intellectual levels. In his presidential speech, president Obama achieves this by use of historical references as well as interpolating to

Common Assignment - Individual Leadership Growth Reflection Essay

Common Assignment - Individual Leadership Growth Reflection - Essay Example This type of awareness is important to leader’s self management ability. Self management must include flexibility to adapt to new situations and emotional self control, ambiguity and complexity. Authentic leaders also embrace honesty, transparency and integrity and earn colleagues’ trust with consistent behavior. This paper will discuss individual leadership growth reflection and also look at and discuss in detail the transformational leadership theory and how this theory impacts my individual development and growth as an effective leader. Finally it shall address various individual leadership development strategies that can cushion me as a leader in my workplace. Transformational leadership As a transformational leader, I must be socially competent in the ways that I carry out myself before others. The display of understanding, empathy and emotions of others, and being concerned with their welfare is core to managing individual’s relationships. As far as organiz ations are concerned, transformational leaders must be perceptive in reading the culture and climate of an institution, alert on how and why decisions are made and keeping pulse of institutional politics. In maintaining good relationships, transformational leaders inspire others with vision, persuasively influence them and advocates for necessary positive change. They come up with skillful approach on conflict management and resolution; develop colleagues as leaders, forms partnership and alliances as well as the capacity to build effective teams and work closely with others in an institution. Various techniques are of aid in self-reflection of myself as a leader, observation off myself and others, meditation and inspirational reading and writing. A good number of organizations have embraced transformational leadership process which serves as an effective, organized and continuing framework for development, self reflection and improvement. In my occupancy as an elementary and middle school principal, many experiences have played a major role in shaping and developing my leadership skills. My reflections on these challenges may also be helpful in program design. In one of my experiences as the leader of the middle school, I was given the task of shutting down an existing elementary school, supervising renovations to the infrastructure and organizing a new middle school which was also being put up as a technology project site for the region. An advisory committee was prepared to lead in development of the project with members from various communities and organizations within the province. My experiences during the five years of active participation with this project prompted me to re-asses discernments of the role of the principal, the effectiveness required of educational leaders and the nature of competent staff development. The aspects of this transformational leadership experience which positively affected my professional growth included: our recurrently sch eduled advisory committee meeting with different stakeholders which boosted the transformational process that we tried to transfer to the school’s daily operation; being part of action research concerning our project which was led by professor from Regina University; being an active participant in mentoring relationship with both the

Yeti, Myth or Not myth :: essays research papers

YETIS, MONSTER OR MYTH? â€Å"Yetis are as pure and white as snow...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yetis have a soft side that they don’t show...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yeti this Yeti that, Yetis rule and u know that† - Capt. Terpin Timins   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yetis are creatures supposedly created from myth and fiction. They are large tempestuous creatures. Yetis can be classified in the same family as the Sasquatch and Big Foot. Many people believe that Yetis aren't real and are illusions of men who have claimed to have seen them. After researching them I want to say that Yetis are warm and cuddly but do not try to hug a Yeti.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have chosen to write about Yetis because they are interesting and they seem to be magical. There is so little belief in magic and wonderment these days that the Yeti is one of the only characters that people believe in. I have spoken to many people about their opinions on Yetis and the Yeti way of life. Atleast half of the people who I have talked to deny the truth behind these indiginous nomad species. What is a Yeti?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contrary to popular belief Yetis are not carnivorous, they do not attack people unless provoked as many animals do to protect their territory, their food and their families. The highest population of Yetis is in the arctic or in cold climates. The Yeti civilization keeps itself hidden and camouflaged with layers of white fur and cave like homes. Like humans they nurture and raise their offspring until they are able to find their own prey and take care of itself. Yetis are omnivores and eat many different plants as well as meat, the impression that Yetis eat people has been derived from the fact that in the arctic there aren't many plants that cater to the Yeti food chain. Yetis have evolved from human like hominids. Yetis are human like in the characteristics that we share like the opposable thumb, a large brain, and the ability to stand erect. Is there proof of Yeti life?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yes, although it is not common knowledge there is proof of the Yeti, Yeti fossils have been recovered from many regions that were covered in ice at some point in time millions of years ago. Although the fossils were not complete and the Yeti body structures were obviously missing pieces there is no denying the Yeti presence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In developed parts of the northern or southern arctic regions many locals claim to have had Yeti encounters.

Teaching Competency of English Language Teachers

COMMUNICATION AS AN IMPORTANT SOFT SKILL IN LANGUAGE TEACHING Mrs. N. Mahalakshmi D. T. Ed. , M. A. , M. Ed. , NET. , PGDACE. Research Scholar Department of Education Annamalai University ————————————————- [email  protected] com Abstract ————————————————- English is being taught as a second language in our Indian schools. As it is our national language, much importance is given to this language in our education system. The language teachers are expected to be more competent to develop the basic skills of the language so as to develop the communicative competence of the learners.Now-a-days, soft skills are considered as another important aspect of the teachers for efficient teaching. Regarding the soft skills, communication skill is the most important one that is needed by the language teachers to optimize the learning experience of the students. This paper tries to reveal the need of Effective Communication Skill as one of the important soft skill for the language teachers. The concept of soft skills Soft skills can be said to incorporate all aspects of generic skills that include the cognitive elements associated with non-academic skills.Soft skills are identified to be the most critical skills in the current global education and the era of technology. The reorientation of education for sustainability also relates the importance of these soft skills. Soft skills in Education Vast research and expert opinions have been sought in the effort to determine the specific soft skills to be implemented and used in higher institutions of learning. Based on the research findings obtained, seven soft skills have been identified and chosen to be implemented in higher education as: * Communicative skills * Thinking skills and problem solving skills * T eam work force Life-long learning and information management * Entrepreneur skill * Ethics, moral and professionalism and * Leadership skill The important soft skill needed for the language teacher Communication is as important aspect of language teaching. Effective communication skills are required for effective language teaching. Teachers of English are expected to have good command over the language and possess excellent communication skills. Communication skills include – using the target language effectively, the way of speaking, body language and facial expressions, pitch and tone of voice and interpersonal skills.It is possible that they have some presuppositions about communication and communication skills which are considered to be one major factor in becoming an effective teacher. According to Dettmer, Thurston, and Dyck (1996), West and Cannon (1988), and Carl Rogers (1962) communication is among the most important skills for educators to possess. The role of commu nication is emphasized also by Lunenburg & Ornstein (1996, p. 176) as: â€Å"Communication is the lifeblood of the school; it is a process that links the individual, the group, and the organization†.A gap in meaning between the intended and the received message can cause problems in the outcome of even the best teaching decision. Poor listening skills, ambiguous use of verbal and nonverbal language, poor semantics, and differing values are all items that can distort a message. To become effective communicators, educators must be aware of these potential problems and consciously work to eliminate them from their classroom interactions. They must also become knowledgeable about the importance of language in the learning process which gives a vital role to language teachers.Body language of the teacher In the communication skill, the body language and the facial expression of the teacher is of much importance which arrests students’ participation. The ‘presence†™ that a teacher has in the classroom is crucial in determining ‘how much’ learning takes place and ‘how well’ learning takes place. A tension free atmosphere is extremely important in language learning classroom. More than what behaviour reveals, it is the non-verbal behaviour that is of significance. Self respect, confident behaviour and tone and eye contact are some positive indicators.Some of the ways in which body language can improve the desired atmosphere within the class are: * Keeping eye contact with the student you are talking to, and with every student in the class; * Standing ‘tall’ and walking in with head held high, instead of shuffling in, head bowed; * Having a calm, relaxed face – smiling and laughing easily; * Using facial expressions that show you are listening and responding to what the student is saying; * Smiling and nodding when a student is saying something; Linguistic competence versus Communicative competence Language is a tool of communication.One can communicate ideas, thoughts, feelings, opinions, attitudes, information and even misinformation through language. Different people express the same idea in different words. Language is a tool serving four main functions. These important functions are important for effective communication in the language classroom. The important functions of the language are: * Social function * Informative function * Expressive function * Directive function Keeping in mind these four important functions of language, let’s examine if our students are effective communicators in English.Most of our graduates are good at writing beautiful and very literary answers to questions on Shakespeare, Wordsworth and other great writers. However, their literary competence isn’t enough for them to be able to communicate effectively and efficiently in everyday situations. The ability to communicate requires us to use language to perform interpersonal functi ons such as starting a conversation, joining and leaving a conversation, making the hearer feel comfortable, giving options, and so on. Mere linguistic competence isn’t sufficient.Of course, there’s no denying the value of linguistic mastery, which is the basis for communicative competence. Without words and grammar patterns, one can’t think of building communicative competence. However, rules of use are more essential than rules of grammar. Many graduates don’t know how to introduce themselves and how to introduce others; they don’t know how to ask for information politely, how to disagree tactfully, how to offer suggestions, etc. This is one very significant aspect that we need to pay attention to. Secondly, their English is bookish.They don’t know that choice of syntax and vocabulary depends on the topic, the occasion, and the relationship between the speaker and the listener. It’s important to know what to say, when, to whom and h ow. Thirdly, the students need to be told that the vocabulary and syntax of spoken English are different from vocabulary and grammar of written English. They seem to be unaware of the fact that the words and grammar of spoken English are simpler than those of written English. As a result, they don’t use contracted forms and question tags while conversing and their English sounds bookish.Developing the communication skills of the learners In language teaching developing the skill of listening, speaking, reading and writing  skills should be given importance. These language skills are the foundation of communication skills. A good communicator is a keen and interested listener. Even a good listener cannot be an effective speaker. In order to be a good speaker, one has to master the accent, the rhythm and the intonation of the English language. Also one has to mind the tone of voice and make an effective use of facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, and posture.An excellen t communicator uses verbal and non-verbal language to achieve the best effect. In order to develop good communication skills of the students, the language teacher need to * develop the listening, speaking, reading and writing skills * to be able to use language to perform various functions * master the rhythm, accent and intonation of the language * understand the differences between spoken and written language * remember the difference between meanings and messages Conclusion To remedy this situation we need to connect literature teaching with life outside.In language teaching, the academic world and the real world should not stand apart as islands. From the standpoint of the learner, the great waste in the school comes from the learner’s inability to utilize the experiences he gets outside the school. To fill up this gap, the communication skill should be given importance in language teaching. Developing communication skills of the learners requires the efficiency of langua ge teachers. So, the communication skill should be given primary importance both at the pre-service and in-service level of the language teaching.REFERENCE * Applbaum, L. et. al. , 1973, Fundamental Concepts in Human Communication, Confield Press, London * Brown, H. D. 1981, Principles of Language Learning & Teaching, Prentice Hall, Enlewood Cligts. * Corner, J. et. al. , 1993, Communication Studies:An Introductory Reader, Edward Arnold, London. * Dickinsen L. and Carver D. J. 1980. Steps Towards Self-direction in Foreign Language Learning in Schools. ELT. Vol. 35:1-7. * Dickinsen L. 1987. Self-instruction in Language Learning. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

1949 UN Resolution Calling for Referendum on Kashmir

Pakistan was carved out of India in 1947 as the Muslim counterweight to Indias Hindu population. Predominantly Muslim Kashmir to the north of both countries was divided between them, with India dominating two-thirds of the region and Pakistan one third. A Muslim-led revolt against the Hindu ruler triggered a build-up of Indian troops and an attempt by India to annex the whole in 1948, provoking a war with Pakistan, which sent troops and Pashtun tribesmen to the region. A UN commission called for the withdrawal of both countries troops in August 1948. The United Nations brokered a cease-fire in 1949, and a five-member commission made up of Argentina, Belgium, Columbia, Czechoslovakia and the United States drew up a resolution calling for a referendum to decide Kashmirs future. The full text of the resolution, which India never allowed to be implemented, follows. Resolution of the Commission of January 5, 1949 The United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan, Having received from the Governments of India and Pakistan, in communications dated 23 December and 25 December 1948, respectively, their acceptance of the following principles which are supplementary to the Commissions Resolution of 13 August 1948: 1. The question of the accession of the State of Jammu and Kashmir to India or Pakistan will be decided through the democratic method of a free and impartial plebiscite; 2. A plebiscite will be held when it shall be found by the Commission that the cease-fire and truce arrangements set forth in Parts I and II of the Commissions resolution of 13 August 1948 have been carried out and arrangements for the plebiscite have been completed; 3. (a) The Secretary-General of the United Nations will, in agreement with the Commission, nominate a Plebiscite Administrator who shall be a personality of high international standing and commanding general confidence. He will be formally appointed to office by the Government of Jammu and Kashmir.(b) The Plebiscite Administrator shall derive from the State of Jammu and Kashmir the powers he considers necessary for organizing and conducting the plebiscite and for ensuring the freedom and impartiality of the plebiscite.(c) The Plebiscite Administrator shall have authority to appoint such staff of assistants and observes as he may require. 4. (a) After implementation of Parts I and II of the Commissions resolution of 13 August 1948, and when the Commission is satisfied that peaceful conditions have been restored in the State, the Commission and the Plebiscite Administrator will determine, in consultation with the Government of India, the final disposal of Indian and State armed forces, such disposal to be with due regard to the security of the State and the freedom of the plebiscite.(b) As regards the territory referred to in A.2 of Part II of the resolution of 13 August, final disposal of the armed forces in that territory will be determined by the Commission and the Plebiscite Administrator in consultation with the local authorities. 5. All civil and military authorities within the State and the principal political elements of the State will be required to co-operate with the Plebiscite Administrator in the preparation for the holding of the plebiscite. 6. (a) All citizens of the State who have left it on account of the disturbances will be invited and be free to return and to exercise all their rights as such citizens. For the purpose of facilitating repatriation there shall be appointed two Commissions, one composed of nominees of India and the other of nominees of Pakistan. The Commission shall operate under the direction of the Plebiscite Administrator. The Governments of India and Pakistan and all authorities within the State of Jammu and Kashmir will collaborate with the Plebiscite Administrator in putting this provision into effect.(b) All person (other than citizens of the State) who on or since 15 August 1947 have entered it for other than lawful purpose, shall be required to leave the State. 7. All authorities within the State of Jammu and Kashmir will undertake to ensure, in collaboration with the Plebiscite Administrator, that: (a) There is no threat, coercion or intimidation, bribery or other undue influence on the voters in the plebiscite;(b) No restrictions are placed on legitimate political activity throughout the State. All subjects of the State, regardless of creed, caste or party, shall be safe and free in expressing their views and in voting on the question of the accession of the State to India or Pakistan. There shall be freedom of the press, speech and assembly and freedom of travel in the State, including freedom of lawful entry and exit;(c) All political prisoners are released;(d) Minorities in all parts of the State are accorded adequate protection; and(e) There is no victimization. 8. The Plebiscite Administrator may refer to the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan problems on which he may require assistance, and the Commission may in its discretion call upon the Plebiscite Administrator to carry out on its behalf any of the responsibilities with which it has been entrusted; 9. At the conclusion of the plebiscite, the Plebiscite Administrator shall report the result thereof to the Commission and to the Government of Jammu and Kashmir. The Commission shall then certify to the Security Council whether the plebiscite has or has not been free and impartial; 10. Upon the signature of the truce agreement the details of the foregoing proposals will be elaborated in the consultations envisaged in Part III of the Commissions resolution of 13 August 1948. The Plebiscite Administrator will be fully associated in these consultations; Commends the Governments of India and Pakistan for their prompt action in ordering a cease-fire to take effect from one minute before midnight of 1 January 1949, pursuant to the agreement arrived at as provided for by the Commissions Resolution of 13 August 1948; and Resolves to return in the immediate future to the Sub-continent to discharge the responsibilities imposed upon it by the Resolution of 13 August 1948 and by the foregoing principles.